P. 2(4): 685729. Hamann, S. Focus in Bantu is often marked using morphosyntactic means rather than through the use of prosody (Downing & Hyman 2016, Downing & Rialland 2016b). Martin Hajek P. H. S. It is found in Malawi, where, since 1968, it has served as the national language; in Mozambique, Zambia, and Zimbabwe. (2011) Notes on Nyokon Phonology (Bantu A.45, Cameroon). There is much work that remains to be done on cross-linguistic, intra- and inter-speaker variation of typologically unusual sounds such as clicks and whistling fricatives. Undoubtedly, studies of intonation and prosody in Bantu languages will continue to increase in number. , ), Supplemental Proceedings of Phonology 2013, 110. & Finch London: University College, University of London, PhD dissertation. Bako Source: Data from Ngessimo Mutaka; measurements by the first author. The waveform of an intervocalic bilabial implosive in Tonga S62 is shown in (1970) Eastern Shona: A Comparative Dialect Study. Gunnink, H. A discussion of Bantu phonetics would not be complete without reference to some of the studies of the major prosodic characteristics of the languages. Schwartz, J.-L. Hinnebusch (eds.) See Proctor et al. Figure 3.1 Tonal contrasts and vowel length contrasts are often restricted to stem-initial syllables (Downing 2010). The classification is primarily linguistic, for the cultural patterns of Bantu speakers are extremely diverse; the linguistic connection, however, has given rise to . J. C. Figure 3.9 ), The Bantu Languages, 639651. (2011) Bantu Tone. Journal of African Languages and Linguistics C. ), Proceedings of the 6th World Congress of African Linguistics, Cologne, 1721 August 2009, 219224. (1994) South Meets North: Ilwana=Bantu+Cushitic on Kenyas Tana River. In Maddieson Theory and Description in African Linguistics: Selected Papers from the 47th Annual Conference on African Linguistics. Rialland and The Bantu Languages of Africa | Handbook of African Languages | M. A. Washington, DC: Linguistic Society of America. M. In describing clicks, it is customary to talk of the click type and the click accompaniment. For the purposes of this volume, originally published in 1954, two southern zones of Bantu have been included - south of the Zambesi and east of the Kalahari. Grahamstown: Department of African Languages, Rhodes University. Downing, L. J. Duke, D. 46(2): 255274. J. Carstens, V. & The question of the role of ATR interacts with the question of the nature of the high vowels, as the *super-high/*high contrast might have been an expression of an ATR contrast or transformed into one in daughter languages. & Ziervogel, D. (2007) Guttural Vowels and Guttural Coarticulation. (2015) Liko Phonology and Grammar. The majority of Bantu languages with some notable exceptions, particularly in the North-West have simple-looking systems of five or seven vowels in which the expected relationships between the features of vowel height, backness and rounding hold.