. Ignatius of Loyola (1491-1556) Copyright 2001-2023 OCLC. AUGUST 24, 1572-ST. BARTHOLOMEW'S DAY by the Catholic calendar-is an . From Pursuit of Power:Venetian Ambassadors' Reports on Spain, Turkey and Francein the Age of Phillip II, 1560-1600, by James C. Davis (New York:-HarperCollins, 1970),pp. Here, he is relating the events leading up to the Massacre and the orders of the Queen of France, Catherine de'Medici. According to Denis Crouzet, Charles IX feared a Protestant uprising, and chose to strangle it at birth to protect his power. Massacre of St. Bartholomew's Day, massacre of French Huguenots (Protestants) in Paris on August 24/25, 1572, plotted by Catherine de' Medici and carried out by Roman Catholic nobles and other citizens. Protestant Resistance Theory: The Wake-Up Call for the French and their Neighbors, 1574 . Read online (or offline) with all the highlighting and notetaking tools you need to be successful in this course. Nowhere was this system more fully and expertly articulated than by the Republic of Venice in the late fifteenth and sixteenth centuries. 89102, quotation from p. 102, Burdett, Sarah, Sarah Burdett, "'Feminine Virtues Violated Motherhood, Female Militancy and [58] Even Tsar Ivan the Terrible expressed horror at the carnage in a letter to the Emperor. Read and study old-school with our bound texts. 31. Encouraged by Catholic preachers, they were horrified at the marriage of a princess of France to a Protestant. At the low end are figures of about 2,000 in Paris[41] and 3,000 in the provinces, the latter figure an estimate by Philip Benedict in 1978. [55] On the other hand, the Holy Roman Emperor, Maximilian II, King Charles's father-in-law, was sickened, describing the massacre as a "shameful bloodbath". The Elizabethan dramatist Christopher Marlowe knew the story well from the Huguenot literature translated into English, and probably from French refugees who had sought refuge in his native Canterbury. [71] Gentillet held, quite wrongly according to Sydney Anglo, that Machiavelli's "books [were] held most dear and precious by our Italian and Italionized courtiers" (in the words of his first English translation), and so (in Anglo's paraphrase) "at the root of France's present degradation, which has culminated not only in the St Bartholemew massacre but the glee of its perverted admirers". [86] This view is also partly supported by Cunningham and Grell (2000) who explained that "militant sermons by priests such as Simon Vigor served to raise the religious and eschatological temperature on the eve of the Massacre". How Did the Massacre of St. Bartholomew's Day Start? These historic scenes are depicted alongside a fictional plot in which a Huguenot family is caught among the events. The Venetian Senate, Letter to the Venetian Ambassadors in France, 1572 . [32] It seems unlikely any such orders came from the king, although the Guise faction may have desired the massacres. The story was also taken up in 1772 by Louis-Sbastien Mercier in his play Jean Hennuyer, Bishop of Lizieux, unperformed until the French Revolution. 9395 for a different emphasis. From The Religious Peace of Augsburg, Reform in the Catholic World This traditional interpretation has been largely abandoned by some modern historians including, among others, Janine Garrisson.